2026 winter storms in US have killed more than 150 in just over a month

The three-month meteorological winter that ends with February sawa particularly deadly span of stormsand heavy snow, claiming at least 150 lives in the United States over just 32 days.

USA TODAY

Hypothermia, snow shoveling, motor vehicle accidents and recreational activities wereamong the leading causes of deathduring the two big storms that blasted all or parts of the eastern United States, USA TODAY research shows.

But the deadly tragedies share a common theme, Brett Robertson, an associate professor and associate director of the University of South Carolina's Hazards Vulnerability & Resilience Institute, wrote inan essay for TheConversation.comafter the major winter storm in late January. "Winter storms pose multiple dangers at once, and people often underestimate how quickly conditions can become life-threatening."

<p style=A powerful nor'easter rapidly intensified early Monday as it pummeled much of the Northeast with heavy snow, grounding flights, shuttering schools and knocking out power to hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses.
A snowplow clears a parking lot in front of a Tarrytown, N.Y. apartment building before dawn during blizzard conditions during the nor'easter Feb. 23, 2026.

" style="max-width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:6px; margin:10px 0;" loading="lazy" /> Raymond DeFiore of the Tarrytown, N.Y. Department of Public Works operates a snowplow before dawn during the nor'easter Feb. 23, 2026. A person is seen using a snowblower as the city braces for a blizzard on Sunday into Monday, Feb. 22, 2026, in New York City. Commuters wait for the train in the snow at the 125th Street subway station during a city-wide travel ban on Feb. 23, 2026 in New York City. An NYPD vehicle is seen parked in front of the 72nd Street subway station during a city-wide travel ban on Feb. 23, 2026 in New York City. A view from the inside of a Tarrytown, N.Y. Department of Public Works snowplow during blizzard conditions before dawn during the nor'easter Feb. 23, 2026. Snowmen are made in Brooklyn as blizzard conditions move into New York City on Feb. 22, 2026 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. A person walks along the street during snowfall on Feb. 22, 2026 in New York City. People walk through the snow during a city-wide travel ban on Feb. 22, 2026 in New York City. A Gray's Papaya restaurant is seen during snowfall while a city-wide travel ban takes place on Feb. 23, 2026 in New York City. A snow plow moves snow along a street on Feb. 22, 2026 in New York City. Philadelphians brave heavy wind and snow in center city as a winter storm hit in the afternoon turning rain into heavy snow on Feb. 22, 2026 in Philadelphia. A woman crosses a street near Manhattan's Grand Central during a snowfall in New York City, on Feb. 22, 2026.

Blizzard hammers Northeast as heavy snow and wind snarl region

A powerful nor'easter rapidly intensified early Mondayas it pummeled much of the Northeast with heavy snow, grounding flights, shuttering schools and knocking out power to hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses.A snowplow clears a parking lot in front of a Tarrytown, N.Y. apartment building before dawn during blizzard conditions during the nor'easter Feb. 23, 2026.

Northeast blizzard proved deadly

The most recent blizzard and storm, a Nor'easter that intensified off the Atlantic coast, struck the Northeast Feb. 22 through Feb. 24. A dozen deaths have been reported, including at least six attributed to shoveling snow.

In Rhode Island, wheremore than 3 feet of snow fellin at least two locations, two people died, The Providence Journal reported. Salve Regina University identified one of the fatalities as Joseph Boutros, a 21-year-old student. Boutros died of carbon monoxide poisoning on Feb. 23 while attempting to charge his cellphone in his snow-covered car.

The other person who died has not been identified publicly, but the death – in North Smithfield – was shoveling related, said Joseph Wendelken, a spokesman for the Rhode Island Department of Health.

In addition to the deaths, the severe winter weather kept emergency rooms busy. During the Rhode Island blizzard, for example, local hospitals saw at least 263 emergency department visits related to the storm, Wendelken said.

Luis Villa shovels the sidewalk on Maple Street in Croton-on-Hudson Jan. 26, 2026 after yesterday's snowstorm brought over a foot of snow to the New York City and Lower Hudson Valley region.

In Maryland, two people were killed on Feb. 22 when a falling tree struck a vehicle, according to the Calvert County Sheriff's Office. The driver, Michael Lee Simpson, 60, of Deale, and front seat passenger Virginia Marie Quesenberry, 43, of Chesapeake Beach, died at the scene, the department stated. A third passenger was taken to a trauma center with critical injuries.

The Maryland State Police reported responding to 343 crashes during the course of the snowstorm.

In Massachusetts, Patrick Sarpong, 35, of Vernon, Connecticut, wasstruck and killed by a tractor traileron Feb. 24 as he was clearing snow off his car on the side of the Massachusetts Turnpike, according to the Massachusetts State Police. State troopers reported responding to more than 500 disabled vehicles during the storm.

On Long Island, in New York, media outlets reported five deaths were attributed to snow shoveling and the body of one man was found buried under 5 feet of snow.

Bitter cold and hypothermia

The winter storm and blast of polar air thatcovered the eastern half of the United States from Jan. 23 to Jan. 27proved especially hazardous because of the below freezing temperatures and wind chills.

The extended cold conditions were particularly harsh, New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani noted during a news conference in late February. Bitter cold lingered for days, and although some of the deaths remain under investigation, at least 30 were attributed to hypothermia during that bout of freezing weather.

Signs of hypothermia can be difficult to recognize, the National Weather Service said. They include dizziness, stiff muscles and difficulty speaking. It's important to dress in layers when venturing outside, and to choose breathable fabric for your base layer.

A Metro Nashville Police Department officer and an AT&T worker assesses a utility line the fell across Franklin Road Blvd. during a massive winter storm moving across the region, Jan. 25, 2026 in Nashville.

Another 11 deaths during the January winter storm were likely related to shoveling snow, according to reports from officials and coroners. In total, USA TODAY research shows nearly 20 people died as either a direct or indirect result of shoveling snow over the five weeks.

Lifting heavy wet snow with shovels is much more taxing on the body than most people realize, doctors told reporters in the USA TODAY Network. Weather forecasters and medical professionals repeatedly urge those who must shovel snow to drink lots of water because of the way the activity can cause dehydration, especially in those with pre-existing medical conditions. They also advise taking breaks often and dressing warmly.

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Avalanches caused a dozen deaths

After a winter in the West that raised concerns about lack of snow, heavy snow began to fall in the western mountains, with layers of snow creating hazardous conditions that led toseveral deadly avalanches.

Over a six-day period, 13 people were killed:

Feb. 17 – Nineskiers in one group died in an avalanchenear Lake Tahoe. Six survived.

Feb. 18 – Afather snowmobiling in Wasatch County, Utah, became trapped at the bottom of a steep slope. As his son tried to help, an avalanche caught, carried and buried the father, the Utah Avalanche Center reported.

Feb. 19 –A young girl was killed in an avalanchein the backcountry near Brighton, Utah, the avalanche center stated in a preliminary report.

Feb. 21 –A skier died in an avalanchein the Big Cottonwood Canyon region of Utah, according to the center.

Feb. 22 – A person on a snowbike was caught, carried and fully buried in a very large avalanche well above the town of Midway, Utah, the center reported.

According to the avalanche center's statistics, Utah averagesbetween 3 and 4 avalanche-related deaths a year.

A helicopter works to mitigate avalanche danger in the area of Castle Peak just outside of Lake Tahoe, California, as authorities worked to recover nine bodies killed when an avalanche hit their party on Feb. 17, 2026.

How you can help prevent deaths

While some deaths are unavoidable, emergency management officials, law enforcement officers and hospitals throughout the country have reiterated this winter that you can take steps to reduce your risks and protect your family.

To safeguard your life and the lives of others, "before a winter storm or any hazardous weather event, preparation is key," according to the Weather Service.

"Ahead of winter storms, It's important to have an action plan for your home that includes enduring extended power and water outages that can last up to a week," said Charlie Woodrum, resilience and preparedness lead for the weather service. "Beyond having a plan for your family, it's important to make sure you plan for the care of your pets and watch out for elderly neighbors."

Because the elderly can be particularly vulnerable in extreme cold, the weather service routinely encourages people to check-in with any at-risk neighbors or friends and family before and during storms, bitter cold and power outages.

Woodrum and many police departments posting on social media during the storm said it's important to "avoid travel altogether" when conditions are bad.

In his essay, Robertson wrote that "nearby social ties matter during disasters because they help people share information and act more quickly when services are disrupted." He encouraged those preparing for storms to make sure their information is "coming from reliable sources."

Contributing: Norman Miller, MetroWest Daily News

Dinah Voyles Pulver, a national correspondent for USA TODAY, covers climate change, weather, the environment and other news. Reach her at dpulver@usatoday.com or @dinahvp on Bluesky or X or dinahvp.77 on Signal.

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY:2026 winter storms claim 150 lives in US

2026 winter storms in US have killed more than 150 in just over a month

The three-month meteorological winter that ends with February sawa particularly deadly span of stormsand heavy snow, clai...
Cuba unveils new details in fatal US boat shooting and says a 2nd boat on mission failed

HAVANA (AP) — Top officials with Cuba's Ministry of the Interior unveiled for the first time late Friday the items they said were aboard aFlorida-flagged speedboatthat opened fire against troops in waters off the island's north coast this week, with soldiers responding and killing four suspects.

Associated Press Weapons that Cuban authorities say were recovered from a speedboat in Cuban waters following a confrontation that left four people dead are displayed during a media presentation in Havana, Friday, Feb. 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa) Weapons that Cuban authorities say were recovered from a speedboat in Cuban waters following a confrontation that left four people dead are displayed during a media presentation in Havana, Friday, Feb. 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa) Weapons that Cuban authorities say were recovered from a speedboat in Cuban waters following a confrontation that left four people dead are displayed during a media presentation in Havana, Friday, Feb. 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa) Weapons that Cuban authorities say were recovered from a speedboat in Cuban waters following a confrontation that left four people dead are displayed during a media presentation in Havana, Friday, Feb. 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa) Weapons that Cuban authorities say were recovered from a speedboat in Cuban waters following a confrontation that left four people dead are displayed during a media presentation in Havana, Friday, Feb. 27, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

Cuba Boat Shooting

Officials also revealed to The Associated Press that authorities were able to establish that the 10 Cuban suspects left the U.S. in two boats, but one failed, so they transferred all the supplies to the remaining one and left the other adrift.

The government said the detained suspects revealed those details and stressed that theyimmediately contacted the U.S. Coast Guard.

Among the items Cuban officials said were aboard the boat: a dozen high-powered weapons, including one with a scope; a big cooler filled with more than 12,800 pieces of ammunition; 11 pistols; heavy-duty boots, helmets with cameras; and camouflage backpacks.

"We were clearly able to assess that we were facing a terrorist action from a boat coming from the United States," 1st Col. Ivey Daniel Carballo of the Cuban Border Guard Troops told the AP.

According to Carballo, the 30-foot (nine meter) border patrol boat detected an intruder on Wednesday morning and approached to within about 600 feet (185 meters) to investigate, but it was met with high-caliber gunfire.

He said that three of the attackers were immediately killed and that a fourth was wounded and later died.

Caraballo said the speedboat was located about one mile (1.6 kilometers) northeast of Cayo Falcones off the island's north coast. The border guard commander was injured, he added.

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Victor Eduardo Álvarez Valle, one of the heads of Criminal Investigation for State Security at the Ministry of the Interior, told the AP that authorities were surprised by the resistance they encountered.

"We didn't expect it, especially with that many people and weapons," he said.

"The military equipment found on board has been identified by the assailants, including where and how they acquired it, and the training they received. They also revealed who financed it," Álvarez added.

He noted that officials detected 13 bullet holes on the border guard boat and 21 others on the suspect's vessel, "meaning that there was combat."

The Cuban government had reported Wednesday that a person had been captured on land, but Álvarez said that so far, there is no information that the suspects had any support network on the island.

Cuba's chief prosecutor of the directorate at the Attorney General's Office, Edward Robert Campbell, told the AP that the six arrested, all of Cuban origin, could face terrorism charges, which carries a possible sentence of 30 years in prison, life imprisonment or even the death penalty, although the latter has been on moratorium for more than a decade.

The Associated Press was given access to Cuban military officials and shown the items displayed at the headquarters of the former Cuban Institute of Radio and Television ahead of a program that showed them to the public for the first time.

U.S.Secretary of State Marco Rubiohas said it was not a U.S. government operation and thatthe American governmentwas gathering its own information.

Cuba unveils new details in fatal US boat shooting and says a 2nd boat on mission failed

HAVANA (AP) — Top officials with Cuba's Ministry of the Interior unveiled for the first time late Friday the items th...
Florida Drought Is Worst In 25 Years. Any Relief In The Forecast?

Florida is suffering its worst drought in at least 25 years, and with only little short-term relief expected, the state could experience a spring of wildfires, stressed crops and water shortages through the rest of the dry season.

The Weather Channel

Drought Status

The latest Drought Monitor analysis from NOAA and the National Drought Mitigation Center below shows the entire state of Florida in at least some degree of drought.

That's the most widespread drought in the Sunshine State since April 2012, according to the analysis.

But about two-thirds of the state is classified as in "extreme" drought, shown by the darker red contours in the map below. That's the most serious drought in Florida since spring 2001.

The drought also extends through much of the Southeast, from southern Alabama to the mid-Atlantic states, and also from Texas and Louisiana to parts of the Midwest.

It has beenone of the driest winters on recordin parts of the Southeast, including Florida, according to the Southeast Regional Climate Center. This is aclassic signature of a La Niña winter in the South.

Impacts

This parched ground with dried out vegetation from both a lack of rain and recent freezes has been fuel for wildfires in recent days, including a large one burning in the Everglades, as well as other fires in Louisiana and Texas.Outdoor burn bansare in effect in multiple Florida counties.

Farmers in Levy County reported current conditions are the worst in at least 20 years, and some crop losses have been reported, according to theNational Weather Service.

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Water shortage warningswere issued by the South Florida Water Management District for parts of South Florida, including Miami-Dade County.

Some Rain Through Saturday

Rain and a few thunderstorms are currently sagging through Florida, bringing a little relief to the region.

Parts of Northern and Central Florida have already picked up more than an inch of rain, but showers will become more hit-or-miss by the time they reach South Florida.

This will be a little short-term relief, but won't do much to replenish the lack of soil moisture or groundwater levels built up over months.

Dry March?

More soaking rain could fall from Texas to the Ohio Valley in several rounds beginning Tuesday into the first weekend of March. Those locally heavy soakings could end up being a little too much of a good thing for that area of drought, potentially triggering flash flooding in spots.

But that wetter pattern may not make it to Florida, and that could be a harbinger of March, overall.

The latest March outlook from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center has most of Florida skewing drier than average.

GivenFlorida's dry seasontypically lasts into mid-May, that could mean more water restrictions, stressed crops and a dangerous rash of wildfires in the Sunshine State this spring.

Jonathan Erdman is a senior meteorologist at weather.com and has been covering national and international weather since 1996. Extreme and bizarre weather are his favorite topics. Reach out to him onBluesky,X (formerly Twitter)andFacebook.

Florida Drought Is Worst In 25 Years. Any Relief In The Forecast?

Florida is suffering its worst drought in at least 25 years, and with only little short-term relief expected, the state c...
Digital forensics could be the tool that helps 'paint a picture of truth' in the Guthrie case

As the investigation into Nancy Guthrie's disappearance continues with no suspect publicly identified and challenges with DNA evidence, experts may turn to digital forensics.

NBC Universal security footage from nancy guthries nest cam (Kash Patel via X)

Authorities have said little about digital evidence in the case, but one leading expert has no doubt that whoever is responsible for the 84-year-old's disappearance left a digital trail.

"People forget how much their data spreads across devices. So the same thing that makes investigations hard make it hard for criminals to clean up," said Heather Barnhart, a digital forensics expert with the SANS Institute and Cellebrite.

Barnhart helped investigate theUniversity of Idaho murders, for which Bryan Kohberger was sentenced to four life sentences. Barnhart is not involved in the Guthrie investigation.

"Your phone is the silent witness to your life. It knows everything you do," Barnhart said. "So forming those patterns and then looking for any anomaly of someone trying to hide their digital footprint is key here."

More coverage of Nancy Guthrie's disappearance

It's been nearly five weeks since Guthrie, the mother of "TODAY" co-anchor Savannah Guthrie, wasreported missing on Feb. 1.

Since then,digital forensics has helped unearthimages of a masked man captured on Nancy Guthrie's doorbell camera in the hours before she was reported missing — but authorities have not publicly identified a suspect or person of interest.

Concern for Guthrie has only mounted, as her family on Tuesday announced a$1 million reward for her recovery.

Investigators appear to have faced some obstacles in the case: DNA evidence from gloves found two miles from Guthrie's home turned upno hits in CODIS, the FBI's convicted offender DNA database.

Authorities are also examining DNA collected from Guthrie's home. Pima County Sheriff Chris Nanos has said he is hopeful they will be able to useinvestigative genetic genealogy— a forensic tool that combines advanced DNA analysis with traditional genealogical research — but the lab that received the DNA has reported "challenges" with the sample.

Nanos has said that his team is committed to chasing leads until they find Guthrie.

"We're not going to give up. We're going to find Nancy, and we're going to find out who did this," he said earlier this month.

Chris Burbank, a former police chief in Salt Lake City, said that physical evidence isfar from the only thingthat can crack a case.

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"Let's really start combing every other bit of information that exists out there in the world," he said.

He suggested that investigators could use artificial intelligence to track social media leads because "most of the time, people involved in this leave some sort of social media trail."

Barnhart, the digital forensics expert, said that eventually, when digital evidence in the Guthrie case becomes available, "it will also paint a picture of truth." Digital evidence could arise with the naming of a suspect or a person of interest, or if a license plate reader or other form of technology picks up clues, she said.

Digital forensics involves the analysis of data from digital devices and the far-reaching corners of the internet and cloud services.

She said when she worked on analyzing the digital footprint of Kohberger in the2022 University of Idaho murders case, initially "the lack of evidence freaked everyone out."

"My husband and I worked on that case, we really focused on the [laptop and phone] logs that tell the truth on why there wasn't evidence. And that became the bookend of Bryan Kohberger being awake at those hours, manually powering down a device that was at 100% battery. So he created a perfect timeline for us to hone in on that investigation," she explained.

A couple of hours before the four Idaho students were killed, Kohberger left his home in Washington anddisabled or turned off his phone, and it did not go back online until after their deaths, according to a probable cause affidavit.

Barnhart said phones give insight into a person's regular patterns and habits, but they may not follow those same patterns before a crime.

"Typically, you don't do the same thing every single day in the same way you're going to act the day you commit a crime," she said.

In digital forensics, analysts comb through everything from cell tower data and Wi-Fi logs to travel data and the cloud, where information is stored digitally.

"Your phone is a really smart device," she said. "Locations that you've traveled to, times you turn your phone into airplane mode, if you put your device in Do Not Disturb, when you turn off cellular, you turn it back on. All of this is logged, and those logs are some of the most valuable pieces of information we get in digital forensics," she said.

She said even in tough cases, there's always a digital trail.

"There really isn't a perfect crime," she said.

Digital forensics could be the tool that helps 'paint a picture of truth' in the Guthrie case

As the investigation into Nancy Guthrie's disappearance continues with no suspect publicly identified and challenges ...
What to know about U.S.-Israel attacks on Iran

TheU.S. and Israel attacked Iran on Saturdayin what President Donald Trump said was a massive operation to destroy the country's military capabilities and eliminate the threat of it creating a nuclear weapon.

Associated Press Smoke rises on the skyline after an explosion in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026.(AP Photo/Vahid Salemi) Vehicles queue outside a gas station following Israeli strikes in the city, in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi) Vehicles drive along a highway following Israeli and U.S. strikes in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi) People sits in a shelter after warning sirens sound following Israeli strikes on Iran, in Tel Aviv, Israel, Saturday, Feb. 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Ohad Zwigenberg)

Iran US Israel

Iran's Foreign Ministry said it would defend its homeland and its Revolutionary Guard said it launched counterattacks, firing drones and missiles at Israel and strikes aimed at U.S. military installations in Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar.

The strikes came after Trump has pressured Tehran for a deal to constrain its nuclear program, building up a fleet of American warships in the region as the countrystruggleswithgrowing dissentfollowingnationwide protests.

At least 40 people were reported killed at girls' school in southern Iran in the Israeli-U.S. strikes, according to Iran's state-run IRNA news agency. Shrapnel from an Iranian missile attack on the capital of the United Arab Emirates killed one person, state media said.

Explosions in Tehran are the first signs of an attack

Israel announced it had launched an attack on Iran shortly after explosions were heard in Tehran on Saturday morning. One of the first strikes hit near the offices of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. It wasn't immediately clear where Khamenei was at the time; he hasn't been seen for days.

Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz described the attack as being done "to remove threats." Iran's military, symbols of government and intelligence sites were targeted, according to an official briefed on the operation, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss nonpublic information.

Sirens wailed across Israel to warn the public about possible incoming missile strikes.

Iran strikes back

Bahrain said a missile attack targeted the U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet headquarters in the island kingdom. Witnesses heard sirens and explosions in Kuwait, home to U.S. Army Central. Explosions could be also be heard in Qatar, where Al Udeid Air Base hosts thousands of service members.

Iraq and the United Arab Emirates closed their airspace, and sirens sounded in Jordan.

An apartment building in northern Israel was damaged and shrapnel fell in multiple sites, according to media and police. But Lt. Col. Nadav Shoshani said there had been no significant hits in Israel and rescue services said there were no injuries reported from missile barrages across the country.

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Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen, meanwhile, have vowed to resume attacks on Red Sea shipping routes and on Israel, according to two senior Houthi officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because there was no official announcement from leadership.

Trump urges Iranians to rise up

It took over an hour for Trump to make an official announcement on the U.S. involvement in what he termed "major combat operations."

In an 8-minute video on social media, Trump indicated the U.S. was striking for reasons far beyond the nuclear program, listing grievances stretching back to the beginning of the Islamic Republic following a revolution in 1979 that turned Iran from one of America's closest allies in the Middle East into a fierce foe.

Trump told Iranians to take cover but urged them to later rise up and topple the Islamic leadership.

"When we are finished, take over your government," Trump said. "It will be yours to take. This will be probably your only chance for generations."

The attacks came a day after Trump voiced frustration over lack of progress in negotiations to stop Iran's ability to develop nuclear weapons.

Building up forces

Israel said it had worked with the U.S. for months to plan the attacks.

Before U.S.-Iran negotiations were underway in Geneva, the U.S. had assembled a vast fleet of fighter jets and warships in the region to try to pressure Iran intoa deal over its nuclear program.

The aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln and three guided-missile destroyers arrived in January to bolster the number of warships in the region. The world's largest aircraft carrier, the USS Gerald R. Ford, and four accompanying destroyers later were dispatched from the Caribbean to head to the Middle East and are now in the Mediterranean.

The fleet has added more than 10,000 U.S. troops to the region.

What to know about U.S.-Israel attacks on Iran

TheU.S. and Israel attacked Iran on Saturdayin what President Donald Trump said was a massive operation to destroy the co...
The AI child exploitation crisis is here

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has made it easier than ever for bad actors to create child sexual abuse material, leaving prosecutors and lawmakers struggling to keep up.

NBC Universal AI has added a confounding element to child sexual abuse cases for law enforcement. (Justine Goode / NBC News; Getty Images)

Despite efforts by tech companies, law enforcement and activists, offenders consistently exploit system loopholes, open-source AI models and ready-made sexual exploitation platforms to generate imagery of both identifiable and nonexistent children, according to experts and law enforcement officials who spoke with NBC News.

Between January and September of 2025, NCMEC's CyberTipline — the official online sexual exploitation tip line in the U.S. — received over a million reports related to generative AI, according to Fallon McNulty, the executive director of the center's exploited children division.

"We often see bad actors at the forefront of leaning into those types of advancements in order to sexually exploit children online," McNulty said. "The almost indistinguishable nature of the content that is being generated makes it extremely difficult for victim identification efforts."

Law enforcement officials have found that child sexual abuse material (CSAM) created with generative AI can take on many forms. Sometimes people photograph children in public settings or use already-public photographs, and then use AI systems to turn them into CSAM. Other times, people create entirely new sexually explicit material that involves no real child or recognizable face and is completely AI-generated.

The material is becoming more realistic and harder to differentiate from real images, posing new issues for prosecutors and law enforcement.

Michael Prado, the deputy assistant director of Homeland Security Investigations' Cyber Crimes Center (C3), said that in the first six months of 2025 alone, reports of child exploitation and generative AI increased by over 600% compared to 2023 and 2024 combined.

"What has, quite frankly, taken us by surprise is how rapidly it has spread," Prado said.

Now, it's not uncommon to find AI-generated CSAM mixed in with troves of "traditional" CSAM featuring real children, according to Prado.

"Collectors of this type of material, sometimes they don't really differentiate. They're just looking to increase their collections," he said. "They're looking to satisfy their perverse sexual interest in children and will use any means to accomplish that."

Though widely available generative AI is a relatively recent phenomenon, the issue is already appearing in dozens of CSAM prosecutions across the U.S. But the number of cases is a tiny fraction of the number of reports made about CSAM created with AI.

NBC News identified 36 state and federal criminal court cases brought within the last three years related to or mentioning AI-generated CSAM, spanning 22 states. In several cases NBC News reviewed, defendants were allegedly caught with thousands of AI-generated CSAM images. While over half of the cases NBC News reviewed are still active, all closed cases have resulted in guilty verdicts.

The cases appear to represent only a small part of the problem, but Prado said it's hard for reports to match prosecutable cases.

"The fact of the matter is, half a million reports just in the first six months of the calendar year, that's not going to result in 500,000 investigations, or certainly not 500,000 arrests," Prado said. "Let's say multiple reports pertain to one individual, so it's hard to track just exactly how prevalent it is amongst the general population."

How people are creating more AI-generated CSAM

Creators of AI-generated CSAM use a constellation of apps and platforms to generate abusive material, outpacing enforcement efforts.

While public attention has been focused on companies racing to create more powerful models, many smaller companies and websites have sprung up that offer similar features. A review of the legal cases highlights how these smaller platforms can fly under the radar of law enforcement.NBC News found five criminal cases that involved defendants allegedly using small AI platforms like Bashable.art, undress.ai and Faceswapper.AI — which seemingly have less robust platform moderation or were expressly built for making explicit content — to create nude imagery of children. None of the platforms were mentioned as defendants in the cases, and none responded to requests for comment.

An Idaho man allegedly generated over a thousand images of "Apparent Child Pornography" using Bashable.art, according to a federal complaint. Investigators had found that the man was a registered sex offender and had previously been arrested 21 years earlier for sexually abusing a 13-year-old girl.

Using the platform's "unrestricted mode," he allegedly prompted the program to create nude images of children under 13, including requests for images of a "large group of girls who are age 11 years old taking a shower" and a "10 year old little nude girl." The case is still active.

Bashable.art restricts explicit content but gives registered users access to its "unrestricted" mode, which "removes any filters on prompts and models, and allows viewing other shared unrestricted generations," according to its website. The platform's website also says it monitors content created in unrestricted mode and may suspend users and report them to NCMEC.

While the defendant who allegedly used Bashable.art is not accused of generating images of known victims, the defendants in cases involving undress.ai and Faceswapper.AI are.

Platforms like undress.ai are part of a network of "nudify" generators designed solely to create explicit deepfakes using images of real people.

In a federal criminal case, a defendant allegedly used the website DeepSukebe, described as an "AI-Leveraged Nudifier" that generates deepfake nude images of women from a clothed photograph, according to a motion to suppress evidence. DeepSukebe did not respond to a request for comment.

According to aJustice Department press release, the man used AI to "digitally alter clothed images of minors making them sexually explicit," including images of "from a school dance and a photo commemorating the first day of school." The man, who had also possessed videos and images of children that he secretly recorded, was sentenced to 40 years in prison.Open-source AI models present particularly difficult issues in the effort to fight CSAM, allowing anyone to download, copy, modify and operate them.

Stability AI, a company behind the widely used open-source image model Stable Diffusion, was allegedly used by a Wisconsin man to create CSAM, according to a federal court brief.

Law enforcement alleged that the man had used Stable Diffusion as well as "special add-ons created by other Stable Diffusion users that specialized in producing genitalia," which allowed him to "generate photo-realistic images of minors," according to the brief in the ongoing case. A lawyer representing the man declined to comment.

In response to a request for comment on the case, a Stability AI spokesperson said to NBC News that it "is deeply committed to preventing the misuse of AI and has always prohibited the use of our image models and tools for unlawful activity, including all attempts to edit or create CSAM."Riana Pfefferkorn, a policy fellow at the Stanford University's Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, said the use of open-source platforms has made it difficult for authorities to crack down on AI-generated CSAM.

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"When you have an identifiable entity that has a U.S. presence and has a corporate office, you can pin them down," Pfefferkorn said. But open-source models like Stable Diffusion 1.5, she said, can "float around out there and can keep being trained up locally."

Larger companies face an uphill battle given their number of users. Major tech companies have submitted thousands of reports of users potentially using their services to create CSAM, according to a report from NCMEC's CyberTipline — a reporting mechanism where electronic service providers can flag potential CSAM to the center. Platforms are legally mandated to report potential CSAM.

At least one major player appears to be exacerbating the issue. In January, Elon Musk's X facedglobal backlashafter an update to its AI tool Grok allowed users to create and post nonconsensual deepfakes. The U.K.-based Internet Watch Foundationtold NBC Newsthat dark web users were sharing "criminal imagery" of minor girls allegedly created with Grok.

Musk laterresponded in an X postby saying that he was "not aware of any naked underage images generated by Grok," and that Grok "will refuse to produce anything illegal, as the operating principle for Grok is to obey the laws of any given country or state."

Real versus AI

Increasingly real-looking AI-generated content has introduced an issue for CSAM investigators: differentiating between imagery of real people versus fully virtual material.

"The advances in generative AI year over year have made these images become extremely photorealistic," McNulty said. "I think that is certainly a fear, that law enforcement may be spending days looking for someone who doesn't exist."

The distinction can drastically change how a case is prosecuted.In one ongoing federal case, a man who is accused of using AI to generate explicit imagery of children with no known victim has pending charges related tofederal obscenity laws,rather than federal CSAM laws, since the allegedly generated children do not physically exist.

Pfefferkorn said she has reviewed over 60 state and federal AI-related CSAM cases and found that obscenity charges have largely been used in cases that do not feature real children. However, she said that most people found to possess AI-generated CSAM possess real CSAM as well. "You can nail them to the wall for that."

When real victims have been involved, though, prosecutors have argued that charges shouldn't be adjusted because of the use of AI.

In an Arkansas case, a defendant tried to dismiss charges against him by alleging that the photos of children that were put onto the bodies of adults engaging in sexual activity were computer-generated. The prosecuting attorney for the case said in response that altered images, "would still run afoul of Arkansas' law prohibiting the production and promotion of sexually explicit conduct involving a child," according to a brief in the case. The man was found guilty.

For NCMEC, the source of the image is secondary to its impact.

"We at NCMEC consider all of those images the same. We still consider them to be a harm, whether they're fully AI-generated content or whether they are taken by an offender with access to the child," said Kathryn Rifenbark, the director of the CyberTipline at NCMEC.

"To the victim, the harm is going to be the same," she added. "They're still going to have that impact of that nude picture, whether AI or not, distributed of them online. And since it's hard for professionals to tell the difference, it's certainly hard for members of the public to be able to tell the difference, which is why victims are going to be impacted equally."

The legal landscape

While broader AI regulation remainspolitically divisive,lawmakers across the aisle are attempting to address AI-generated CSAM, though approaches have varied by state.

According to the watchdog group Public Citizen,45 stateshave enacted laws pertaining to intimate AI deepfakes, many of which focus specifically on minors. A deepfake is an AI-generate image, video or audio recording depicting a real person, typically for malicious purposes, and is difficult to distinguish from the real thing. Missouri and New Mexico haven't passed any such laws yet, and several other states have pending bills.

"My sense is there's a general interest in passing this type of legislation," said Ilana Beller, an organizing manager at Public Citizen who created the tracker. "And in states where it hasn't happened yet, it is not a function of a lack of political will or interest so much as a function of logistics and broader politics."

She noted that some state laws are specifically tailored toward minors, others toward nonconsensual deepfakes generally, and others outline specific requirements for AI companies.

Beller said states have been proactive about passing legislation on AI-generated CSAM, but that targeting AI companies can be a "trickier area to legislate in" because it can mean that the smaller, unregulated open-source AI platforms are let off the hook.

Four states have passed or introduced legislation that specifically targets platforms, but all already have pre-existing legislation that covers AI deepfakes generally.

NBC News identified five cases pertaining to AI-generated CSAM in Missouri, Alaska and Ohio that have no specific legal framework to combat the issue. Still, two of the cases, both of which involved known victims, resulted in guilty verdicts related to the possession of child pornography. The other cases are ongoing.

Federal efforts to address AI-generated CSAM are continuing. In May 2025, President Donald Trumpsigned the TAKE IT DOWN Act, which made the creation of nonconsensual deepfakes a federal crime and requires platforms to take down imagery 48 hours after it is reported. On Dec. 16, the Enhancing Necessary Federal Offenses Regarding Child Exploitation (ENFORCE) Actpassed the Senate unanimously.

It would allow for the creators and distributors of AI-generated CSAM to be prosecuted to the same degree as those who create other forms of CSAM. The legislation is now waiting to be reviewed by the House of Representatives.

Beller said the federal law is a step in the right direction, but that state legislation is crucial for civil cases, and for handling a rising caseload. Beller pointed to aNew Hampshire lawthat both prohibits "certain uses of deepfakes" and creates "a private claim of action."

"It is really important that state and local prosecutors are empowered to address these issues in the courts as well," Beller said. "The number of cases related to nonconsensual, intimate deepfakes would just be too much for only federal prosecutors. They would only be able to get to a small fraction of the total number of cases."

Prado said that if the technology continues to evolve at the pace that it has, it will continue to be difficult for lawmakers to find the right approach.

"What I see is the states and the federal government really taking action in response to this problem," he said. "But as we are well aware, the state legislatures and Congress, there's often a lag between laws, because it does take time to formulate laws and get them on the books and get people trained to enforce them. It's hard to keep up with the rapidly evolving nature of technology and generative AI."

The AI child exploitation crisis is here

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has made it easier than ever for bad actors to create child sexual abuse...
Greeks rally to mark anniversary of deadly 2023 train crash ahead of trial

ATHENS, Feb 28 (Reuters) - Tens of thousands of Greeks rallied in Athens and other cities on Saturday to mark the anniversary of ‌a 2023 train crash, the country's deadliest rail disaster in ‌history, demanding justice ahead of a criminal trial set to begin next month.

Reuters A protester holds a placard during a demonstration in front of the Greek parliament, marking the third anniversary of the 2023 deadly train crash in Tempi, the country's worst railway disaster on record, in Athens, Greece, February 28, 2026. REUTERS/Louisa Gouliamaki A drone view shows protesters attending a demonstration in front of the Greek parliament, marking the third anniversary of the 2023 deadly train crash in Tempi, the country's worst railway disaster on record, in Athens, Greece, February 28, 2026. REUTERS/Stelios Misinas Protesters attend a demonstration in front of the Greek parliament, marking the third anniversary of the 2023 deadly train crash in Tempi, the country's worst railway disaster on record, in Athens, Greece, February 28, 2026. REUTERS/Louisa Gouliamaki A drone view shows protesters attending a demonstration in front of the Greek parliament, marking the third anniversary of the 2023 deadly train crash in Tempi, the country's worst railway disaster on record, in Athens, Greece, February 28, 2026. REUTERS/Stelios Misinas A boy holds a placard during a demonstration in front of the Greek parliament, marking the third anniversary of the 2023 deadly train crash in Tempi, the country's worst railway disaster on record, in Athens, Greece, February 28, 2026. REUTERS/Louisa Gouliamaki A protester holds a placard during a demonstration in front of the Greek parliament, marking the third anniversary of the 2023 deadly train crash in Tempi, the country's worst railway disaster on record, in Athens, Greece, February 28, 2026. REUTERS/Louisa Gouliamaki

Demonstration marking third anniversary of the 2023 Tempi train crash, in Athens

Trains and ferries came ​to a halt and urban transport was disrupted as workers walked off the job to join the demonstrations. Protesters laid flowers and held banners reading "Justice" outside parliament, where the names of the 57 victims - mostly students - have been spray‑painted ‌in red on the ⁠ground.

The victims died when a passenger train and a freight train collided head-on at Tempi in central Greece.

The disaster has ⁠become a stark symbol of state failings, including safety lapses and years of neglect of the rail network.

Fuelled by mistrust of politicians, who are largely shielded from ​prosecution ​under Greek law, last year's mass protests ​were the biggest in years.

Thousands ‌of police officers were deployed in Athens on Saturday. Demonstrations were also held abroad.

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"We seek one thing: Justice," said Pavlos Aslanidis, head of the victims' relatives association in a speech.

A judicial investigation concluded this year and dozens of non-politicians will stand trial on March 23 on charges ranging from traffic ‌disruption leading to deaths to negligent manslaughter ​and causing bodily harm.

Protesters want reforms and political ​accountability. "It wasn't an accident, it ​was murder," read one banner in Athens.

Probes have found that ‌a project co-funded by the European ​Union to install ​safety systems was launched in 2014 but was years behind schedule in 2023. Relatives have also accused authorities of trying to cover up ​evidence.

The centre-right government, which ‌denies wrongdoing, says justice will shed light on the case and ​has pledged full railway reform by 2027.

(Reporting by Renee Maltezou and ​Lefteris Papadimas; Editing by Louise Heavens)

Greeks rally to mark anniversary of deadly 2023 train crash ahead of trial

ATHENS, Feb 28 (Reuters) - Tens of thousands of Greeks rallied in Athens and other cities on Saturday to mark the anniver...

 

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